ABSTRACT
From December 2019 till now, the coronavirus disease pandemic has exposed the whole world to a new challenge where the survival of human beings faces an alarming phase. The humankind, with utmost intelligence, is trying to find out the key to unlock the lock made by SARSCoV-2, the causative virus of COVID-19. We here, briefly summarize the possible remedies so far introduced worldwide to combat the deadly pathogenic virus. The article includes the information of varieties of drugs applied globally: allopathic, homeopathic, Ayurveda, nanoparticle implicated protections and vaccination trials along with other biotechnical applications in different countries. Our review work may be useful to scientists involved in research in this field to know the global remedial aspects so far developed and also to create awareness among people regarding the present pandemic and preventive mechanisms.Copyright © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Existing socio-economic inequalities shape, in very particular and measurable ways, the differential impact that a disease has on different sections of the same society. This is particularly true of COVID-19, which has rapidly exhausted the public health system in India, and magnified the gradient of vulnerability in an underserved populace. Using publicly available data, we have aimed to deconstruct this gradient into individual variables of inequality and quantify their impact on the transmission and mortality outcomes of COVID-19 in India. STUDY DESIGN: Sociodemographic analysis. METHODS: We quantify doubling times and case fatality ratios for all districts in India, then correlate them to 20 variables of socio-economic vulnerability and demographic structure. Variables that exhibit persistent correlation are then analysed using multivariate beta regression models to validate their impact on COVID-19 outcomes in India. RESULTS: The transmission of COVID-19 in India is enhanced by the lack of access to indoor latrines, drainage facilities, electricity, and proximate sources of drinking water. Transmission is slowed by the presence of an elderly population. Fatality rates relate negatively to an area's medical infrastructure and the presence of a college-educated populace. CONCLUSIONS: An interactive matrix of social inequalities, cultural practices, and behavioural patterns determines the path of COVID-19 through a community. Specific variables exhibit patterns of persistent vulnerability; others indicate a resistance to infection and mortality. This body of evidence, when incorporated into policy design, may lead to localised, need-sensitive models of intervention, both for preventive measures and medical care.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Humans , Aged , Socioeconomic Factors , Public Health , India/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In view of panic buying prevalence across countries during the COVID 19 pandemic, this study explores the external factors that may influence consumer engagement or disengagement with this buying behaviour and how they are related. Two studies were undertaken to achieve this research aim. The first was to explore these factors through a scale development processes. Three factors were revealed including (1) intervention and support from the government to combat and manage the pandemic, (2) intervention and support from businesses to prevent stockpiling or panic buying, and (3) influence of different categories of social groups, namely, family and relatives, peers and friends, acquaintance and non-acquainted social-media group. The second study collected data from five countries (Australia, India, China, Vietnam and Indonesia) to understand the relationship between these factors and panic buying engagement or disengagement. The rationale for the country choices has been provided in this manuscript. The results show that interventions and support from government and businesses influenced panic buying engagement, whereas social groups did not. Implications of these findings are highlighted for the relevant stakeholders. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd